Ali Arman

  abstract Porous weirs in river engineering have recently attracted the attention of researchers due to their advantages over the solid type. The hydrodynamics of this type of overflows is more complicated due to the flow of both internal and overpassing. In this research, the aim of the numerical analysis of the hydrodynamics of the wide-edge porous spillway body is. For this purpose, a total of 243 different models including 9 different overflow geometries with three different porosity of materials (40%, 47% and 50%) and 9 different flow rates between 10 and 30 liters per second have been analyzed in three dimensions using FLOW-3D numerical model. is In this research, the determination of the optimal granulation arrangement of the materials, the determination of the discharge coefficient based on different porosities, as well as the comparison with the theoretical relationships, as well as the examination of the hydraulic parameters and the presentation of relationships in this regard, have been discussed.

Slope breakers are the most common hydraulic energy structures that are used for energy consumption in irrigation   and drainage networks, water treatment systems, eroding waterways, and wastewater collection and disposal. When the natural slope of the ground is higher than the slope of the designed channel, slope breakers are used to transfer water.  The loss of energy in this structure occurs due to the impact of the water jet on the bottom of the channel and the creation of a hydraulic jump in the calm pond. Also, considering that in some irrigation and drainage networks, an overflow may be built upstream of the breakwater in order to control the water level. The effect of the construction of this structure on the hydraulics of the flow passing through the breakwater is discussed.  In general, the goals of this research include the numerical simulation of the flow passing through the vertical breakwater using Flow-3D software, the investigation of the amount of energy consumption passing through the vertical breakwater, the validation of the experimental relationships presented for the flow characteristics, the investigation of the effect of the overflow installation on the energy consumption, The study of supercritical and subcritical flow in the upstream channel is based on the characteristics of the flow.

   Flumes with a special cross-section and different degrees of convergence and divergence are used to measure flow indirectly. In many of these flumes that have been investigated in the rectangular channel, the stage-discharge relationship in the trapezoidal constriction section has been obtained using dimensional analysis. In this research, using the energy relationship between the upstream section and the throat (trapezoidal) section, a relationship has been developed to calculate the discharge. The correctness and accuracy of the proposed relationship were checked using different laboratory data. For the flume proposed by Aali and Vatankhah (2023), the proposed relationship has an NRMSE of less than 5%. In the hydraulic laboratory of Razi University, a wedge-shaped structure was installed in the middle of the rectangular channel with a width of 37 cm. This structure was designed and built with two different side slope and four different throat width (8 different configurations). The total sections of this structure in the throat are trapezoidal. For the side slope of 0.4 and 0.5, the NRMSE value is 10.9 and 6.1 percent, respectively. For this structure, relationships have been developed using dimensional analysis. The relationship proposed in this thesis can be used for rectangular channels with trapezoidal throat cross section. There is no need for calibration with laboratory data to calculate the flow using this relationship. Comparison with laboratory data has shown that this relationship has high accuracy in discharge prediction.

Velocity distribution is one of the most important subjects in open-channel hydraulics, as it enables the determination of parameters such as flow rate and shear stress on the channel walls. Velocity distribution in rivers is three-dimensional, and Navier-Stokes equations can be used to estimate the velocity distribution. Numerical solutions for governing flow equations in three dimensions are complex. In certain situations where structures are not present in the river path, the equations can be simplified and solved in two dimensions by making certain assumptions. In this research, a two-dimensional mathematical model proposed by Kien and his colleagues, which is a partial differential equation in the form of a Poisson equation, is utilized to estimate the two-dimensional velocity distribution. The governing equation is solved using the finite volume method with the application of boundary conditions. The grid generation is the first step in the numerical solution of differential equations. Using structured rectangular or triangular grids, velocity distribution in an open channel can be calculated. One of the common methods for dealing with complex geometries is the use of unstructured triangular grids. Due to their unstructured nature, these grids can represent elements with various shapes in the domain, regardless of geometric complexity. The aim of this study is to develop a two-dimensional model for velocity distribution in open channels with irregular cross-sections using numerical solution and triangular mesh generation. Furthermore, the influence of vortex viscosity estimation methods and slip and no-slip conditions at the boundaries on the velocity distribution is also investigated. The accuracy of the numerical solution is evaluated by comparing it with the experimental results of Linn (1986), Tominaga and his colleagues (1989), and the Soren River estuary. The investigations show that the numerical approach provides satisfactory accuracy in estimating the maximum flow velocity and velocity distribution pattern in floodplain areas and the main channel cross-section.   

تغيير اقليم و افزايش جمعيت موجب افزايش مصرف در شبكه‌هاي توزيع آب و به دنيال آن افزايش سرعت جريان در لوله‌ها و كاهش فشار در گره‌ها شده است. در اين حالت برخي مشتركين امكان دريافت آب موردنياز را نخواهند داشت. تعويض لوله‌ها با لوله‌ها با قطر بزرگتر يكي از راهكارها مي‌باشد. اما نيازمند صرف زمان و هزينه قابل توجه است. تحويل نوبتي آب مي‌تواند در شبكه‌هاي موجود براي حل مشكل به كار رود. تحويل آب براي 6 ناحيه شبكه توزيع آب شهر تازه‌آباد به صورت 12، 8 و 6 ساعته با هدف تامين آب مورد نياز و يكنواختي توزيع بالا با استفاده از الگوريتم جستجوي هماهنگ تك هدفه و دو هدفه بهينه شد. در مدل هيدروليكي از روش تحليل هيدروليكي مبتني بر فشار و روش گسيلنده براي تعيين دبي گره‌ها استفاده و نتايج باهم مقايسه شدند. در سناريوهاي مختلف امكان تحويل آب در 4، 3 و 2 نوبت بررسي شد. مقايسه نتايج نشان داد كه در الگوريتم تك هدفه نسبت آب تامين شده به آب مورد نياز بيش از الگوريتم دو هدفه است. اما يكنواختي توزيع در الگوريتم دو هدفه افزايش پيدا كرده است. در تمام سناريوها جواب‌هاي روش تحليل هيدروليكي مبتني بر فشار در تمامي نواحي شهر تازه‌آباد در ساعات اوج مصرف قرار گرفته است. به عبارتي نمي‌توان به صورت نوبتي آب را به نواحي مختلف تحويل داد. اما در روش گسيلنده معمولا در 2 بازه زماني آب تحويل داده شده است. در شبكه تازه آباد چنانچه در 2 نوبت آب تحويل داده شود، حداكثر دبي در شبكه بيش از حداكثر دبي شرايط موجود شبكه است. اما در صورت تحويل آب در 3 و 4 نوبت حداكثر دبي به حداكثر دبي شبكه نزديكتر خواهد شد. اختلاف حداكثر و حداقل دبي شبكه در الگوريتم دو هدفه كمتر از الگوريتم تك هدفه بوده است. تحويل آب در 4 نوبت كمترين تغييرات دبي و ضرايب مصرف را داشته است. با توجه به سناريوهاي بررسي شده در شبكه تازه آباد، تحويل آب در 8 ساعت به عنوان بهترين گزينه انتخاب شد. در اين حالت نسبت آب تامين شده به آب موردنياز حدود 70 درصد و يكنواختي توزيع حدود 87 درصد خواهد بود. حداكثر دبي در شبكه توزيع آب تقريبا برابر حداكثر دبي در شرايط فعلي است. همچنين محدوده تغييرات دبي و ضرايب مصرف كمتر از شرايط فعلي است. به عبارتي در شبكه تغييرات فشار كمتر از شرايط فعلي خواهد بود.   

   از عوامل اصلي آسيب وتخريب سازه‌هاي هيدروليكي، وقوع آبشستگي موضعي است. در بررسي و مطالعه سازه‌هايهيدروليكي درون رودخانه‌اي، تعيين ميزان فرسايش و رسوب‌گذاري امري ضروري مي‌باشد. ميزانفرسايش و يا رسوب‌گذاري هنگامي كه يك سازه هيدروليكي در حال اجرا است، باعث مي‌شوداز تخريب سازه و تغيير ژئومرفولوژي رودخانه جلوگيري كند و باعث كاهش هزينه هاياقتصادي شود. در اين پژوهش عملكرد مدل عددي Flow 3D به منظور شبيه‌سازي آبشستگي پايين دست كف بندافقي مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. نتايج صحت سنجي اين مدل عددي با مدل آزمايشگاهي نشان دهندهقابليت مدل مذكور در شبيه‌سازي پديده مورد نظر بود. با توجه به ماهيت بستر وكارايي كف‌بند افقي، از سناريوهاي مختلف شبيه سازي استفاده شد دراين پژوهش 45 آزمون با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Flow 3D به منظور تعيين ميزان آبشستگي، رسوب‌گذاري وتنش برشي انجام شد. شبيه سازي هاي اين تحقيق شامل پنج عدد فرود به مقادير ،0.32،0.3، 0.25، 0.2 و 0.15 و سه ضريب زبري مانينگ ، 0.025، 0.02 و 0.014 براي دانه بندي 0.85 ميلي متر، دانه بندي 1.4ميلي متر و هچنين تنش برشي در دانه بندي 1.8 ميلي متر مي‌باشد.پس از صحت سنجي مدل، حاصل شد كه مدل انتقال رسوب نلسون به همراه مدل آشفتگي ?-k بيشترين تطابق را باداده هاي آزمايشگاهي دارد. نتايجحاصل از شبيه‌سازي نشان داد كه با افزايش ضريب زبري، سرعت جريان گذرنده و آبشستگيپايين دست نيز كاهش يافته است. علاوه بر اين، نتايج اين پژوهش نشان داد كه باافزايش ضريب زبري، رسوب‌گذاري و تنش برشي افزايش پيدا كرده است. با توجه به تاثيرپذيري پديده آبشستگي و رسوبگذاري نسبت به عدد فرود، نتايج نشان داد كه با افزايشعدد فرود آبشستگي افزايش يافته است.

Fromthe past to the present, the need for water and its provision in different waysis one of the most important issues in human societies, and of course,atmospheric precipitation is of particular importance. In recent decades,satellite precipitation data has been considered by scientists and engineers ofhydrology.Consideringthat the data obtained using ground stations are point-by-point and also thereis not enough data in large areas and hard-to-reach areas, and due to globalwarming and decreasing rainfall, long-term rainfall forecasts are necessary forplanning and appropriate use of available water resources for the region.Inthis study, the accuracy of precipitation data of CHRIPS, ERA5, PERSIAN_CDR,GPM, GSM, TRMM, TERRA satellites obtained using Google Earth Engine cloudenvironment was obtained with data from 14 synoptic stations of Kermanshahprovince in three monthly, seasonal and annual scales in the period 2000 to2019.Then,precipitation prediction was performed using observational and satelliteprecipitation data in three modes of precipitation with one, two and three lagsin Orange software environment and using decision tree, support vector machineand random forest machine learning algorithems as well as delta downscalingwith canesm5 and KIOSTESM climate models, sixth report and scenario   5_8.5.Afterselecting the best prediction model, drought indices were calculated forobservational data, satellite, and prediction for Kermanshah province. Theresults showed that for Islamabad, Harsin, Gilan-e Gharb, Kermanshah, Kangavar,Ravansar and Sarpol-e-Zahab stations, TERRA satellite and for Sonqor, Sararoud,Sumar and Tazeh Abad stations, EAR5 satellite and for Qasre-shirin of TRMMsatellite has the best estimate.Accordingto observational data, prediction and reverse distance interpolation maps,precipitation in the north and northwest as well as southeast of the province,i.e. in Sar-e-Aroud, Javanrud and Ravansar stations, was more than other placesand in Harsin, Qasr-e-Shirin and Sumar stations had the lowest amount. Theresults of prediction showed that the decision tree model with appropriateerror criteria is better than the other two models and also according tointerpolation maps, the prediction with a delay has better estimated the lowrain and rainy areas in the observation period.This model has estimatedrainfall in most stations in October and November about 40% less thanobservations. The results of drought indices were calculated the   I, RAI and SPIindeces for different states and the results showed that 2015 estimated verysevere drought, severe drought and near normal drought, and for 2020, 2028 and2035, severe or moderate drought was estimated.  

Freesurface flow in hydraulic are defined using shallow water equations, providedthat the vertical dimension is very small compared to the horizontal dimension.Which are theequations governing the flow of a shallow water. Due to the fact thatanalytical models offer a wide range of changes in water height, the numericalmodel is able to show changes in water level at different moments. Numerousnumerical methods have been proposed by researchers to solve the shallow waterequations, among we which can mention the finitedifference, finite volume and finite element methods. Require problem meshingin all these methods for Discretization of equations. In thisresearch to solve problems, an unstructured triangular grid is used, which is produced by Easy Mesh program. Tosolve the shallow water equation, a time splitting and the finite volume methodare used along. Time splitting method works in a way that divides each timestep several virtual time step. Suchthat, first the two equations of advection and diffusion in the first step, andthen in the next step, which is within the same virtual step thefriction term will enter the computational cycle, and in the next step, theeffect of gravity and survival equation will be applied in the calculations. Byexamining the Lax-wendroff, Fromm,QUICKEST and First order methods for solving the advection sector as well as explicit andimplicit methods for solving the diffusion sector. Wasconcluded that the Fromm method and the implicit method for solving are better accurate. Itshould be noted that in solving the scattering equations by implicit method, thereare methods such as Gaussian elimination, iterative solution and TDMA that dueto obtaining a multi-diameter matrix in the numerical model, the iterativesolution method has been used. In orderto validate the numerical model and analytical solution, have been solvedproblems such as Gradually VariedFlow, one-dimensional and two-dimensional dam break, sudden expansion ofthe canal and the spur dyke structure. Accordingto the results obtained from the model and comparing it with the analyticalresults in solving the spur dyke structure Problem, at distancesaway from spur dyke, this error in results between the model and the analyticalsolution is reduced, Maximum of this error is near the turbulent flow. As a result of this comparison, this numericalmodel has an acceptable agreement with the results of analytical solution andthis model can be used in other problems that have similar conditions to thisproblems.Keywords: Shallow water equation, Irregular triangular grid, Timesplitting method, Finite volume method  

  امروزه اثرات تغيير اقليم و گرمايش جهاني به دليل افزايش گاز‌هاي گلخانه‌اي در جهان به اثبات رسيده‌است. وقوع اين شرايط، فرآيند‌‌هاي هيدرولوژيكي را كه از منابع اصلي تامين كننده آب حوضه است را تحت تاثير قرار مي‌دهد. در اين تحقيق مقادير ماهيانه دما، بارش و دبي سد جاميشان در سال‌هاي ????-???? به عنوان دوره پايه در نظر گرفته شده‌‌‌است. شبيه سازي منابع و مصارف حوضه آبريز سدجاميشان   با استفاده از مدل   WEAP و روش SVR با الگوهاي كشت موجود در منطقه مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. براي ارزيابي تاثير تغيير اقليم بر پارامترهاي بارش و دما در اين منطقه از خروجي‌هاي سناريو RCP8.5 مدل هاي HADGEM2_ES ، FLO_ESM، MIROC5 و CNRM_CM5 از سري مدلهاي گزارش پنجم   CMIP5 استفاده شد و خروجي اين مدل‌ها براي منطقه مورد نظر ريزمقياس شد. در اين پژوهش با استفاده از روش عامل تغيير داده‌هاي مدل اقليمي ريزمقياس شده و پارامترهاي ماهانه دما و بارش سد جاميشان براي دوره‌ي ????-????   توليد گرديد. به منظور بررسي رواناب منطقه مورد نظر در اثر تغييراقليم به بررسي و مقايسه‌ي مدل‌هاي SVM، GEP و IHACRES پرداخته‌شد. نتايج مدل‌ اقليمي به طور ميانگين افزايش دماي ?/? تا ? درجه سلسيوس را نشان مي‌دهد. همچنين نتايج بارش شبيه سازي شده نشان مي دهد كه   ميانگين بارش ماهيانه تحت سناريو ?/?   RCP در دوره آتي به جز در مدل HADGEM2_ES با كاهش بين ? تا ? درصدي نسبت به دوره پايه همراه بوده است كه بيشترين كاهش مربوط به مدل MIROC5 و كمترين كاهش مربوط به مدل CNRM_CM5 مي باشد. به طور كلي بررسي نتايج حاصل از پيش‌بيني دبي در هر سه مدل SVM، GEP و IHACRES حاكي از كاهش رواناب است كه بيشترين كاهش رواناب مربوط به SVM در مدل اقليمي FLO_ESM با ?/?? درصد و كمترين كاهش رواناب مربوط به IHACRES با ? درصد مي‌باشد و در اين پژوهش مدل‌هاي IHACRES و GEP نسبت به روش SVR از دقت مطلوب‌تري برخوردار است. شبيه‌ سازي الگو كشت‌هاي مختلف در WEAP نشان مي‌دهد بيش‌ترين تامين برابر با ?/?? درصد در مدل GEP و كمترين تامين برابر با ?? درصد در مدل SVR كه به ترتيب مربوط به الگوي كشت يك و الگوي كشت سه مي‌باشد. همچنين در شبيه‌سازي تحت سناريوي الگو كشت‌هاي مختلف در WEAP بيش‌ترين درصد پر بودن مخزن در الگوي كشت سه و برابر با ?/?? درصد و بيش‌ترين درصد خالي بودن مخزن در الگوي كشت يك و برابر با ?/?? درصد كه به ترتيب   مربوط به مدل‌هاي IHACRES و SVR مي‌باشد. . همچنين در اين پزوهش با استفاده از روش SVR   به پيش‌بيني تامين ماهيانه نيازهاي كشاورزي   پرداخته شد. نتايج تامين نيازهاي كشاورزي منطقه در همه ي مدل هاي اقليمي حاكي از آن است كه بيشترين تامين مربوط به مدل   GEP در الگوي كشت شماره سه(بيشترين ميزان درآمد) و كمترين تامين مربوط به مدل   SVR   الگوي كشت شماره يك(شرايط موجود) مي باشدواژه­هاي كليدي:

Tomato root-knot nematode caused by Meloidogyne javanica is one of the most destructive tomato diseases in Iran and the world, which has also spread in Kermanshah province in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition of this disease using plant growth promoting bacteria and defence-inducing compounds. For this purpose, two separate experiments were designed. In one experiment, resistance-inducing compounds at a concentration of 100 ?M and bacterial strains with a population of 1 × 109 CFU /mL were sprayed on the plants aerial parts. Plants growth indices and factors related to nematodes reproduction and pathogenicity were assessed 70 days after planting. In the second experiment, the root split method was exploited to investigate the effect of induction of systemic resistance mechanism in suppression of root knot nematode. The roots of the plant were split into two parts and placed in two separate pots. Bacterial strains were added to one pot and the J2 larvae of the pathogen were added to the other pot. In the spray experiment, benzothiadiazole compound as the best treatment in suppression of the pathogen was able to reduce the gall, egg mass, egg and J2 number up to 98, 99, 97,45% in compared to the infected control, respectively. Treatment with benzothiadiazole increased aerial parts length by 68.1% compared to the infected control. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoots and fresh and dry weight of roots were achieved in treatment with methyl salicylate, benzothiadiazole, acetoin respectively. In root split experiment, treatment with B. pumilus INR7 had the greatest effect in reducing the number of egg masses, number of eggs and the number of J2 larvae, but B. velezensis FOL was the best strain in reducing the number of galls on the root. In this experiment, the highest amount of shoot length and root fresh weight was achieved in B. pumilus INR7 strain and the highest amount of shoot fresh and dry weight and root dry weight was recorded in B. velezensis FOL. Based on the results of this study, the best method of application of growth-promoting bacteria is their application in soil and rhizosphere environment. Overall, application of plant growth promoting bacteria and is promising stragy in management of tomato root knot nematode.   

پيش‌بيني فشار در اثر پديده ضربه قوچ در طراحي خط انتقال و تجهيزات مقابله با ضربه قوچ از اهميت زيادي برخوردار است. روش‌هاي عددي مختلفي براي حل معادلات ضربه قوچ به كار مي‌رود. در اين پژوهش روش طيفي چبيشف و روش ويسكوزيته فوق طيفي چبيشف براي حل اين معادلات در حالت بسته شدن ناگهاني و آهسته شير با ضريب زبري ماندگار، شبه‌ماندگار و غيرماندگار به كار رفته است و با داده‌هاي آزمايشگاهي مقايسه شد. در تمام حالات نتايج روش طيفي چبيشف با ضريب زبري غيرماندگار نسبت به شبه ماندگار و ماندگار به داده‌هاي آزمايشگاهي بسيار نزديكتر است. در حالت بسته شدن سريع شير هر دو روش طيفي با ضريب زبري غيرماندگار داراي خطاي 4 درصد در پيش‌بيني فشار و نتايج هر دو روش برهم منطبق هستند. روش‌هاي طيفي فشار كمتر از داده‌هاي آزمايشگاهي را محاسبه مي‌كند. در اين حالت نتايج روش تفاضل محدود نيز داراي خطاي حدود 4 درصد و فشار را بيشتر از فشار واقعي محاسبه مي‌كند. اما در حالت بسته شدن آهسته شير با ضريب زبري غيرماندگار، تمام روش‌ها در محاسبه فشار داراي حداكثر خطاي 7 درصد در انتهاي لوله و 1/2 درصد در وسط لوله هستند و مقادير فشار حداكثر 0224/0 ثانيه ديرتر از زمان واقعي پيش‌بيني مي‌شود. روش طيفي چبيشف با تعداد گره و زمان محاسبات كمتر نسبت به روش‌هاي عددي روشي كارآمد در حل معادلات ضربه قوچ است.

   Abstract The overall purpose of this study was to explain the strategies of establishing green management in Razi University that all dimensions and factors affecting green management in the university were examined. The statistical population of the research in the first phase includes 247 experts (staff) and faculty members There were secrets that were selected by random sampling method (based on job discipline). Of these, 69 were experts and the rest were faculty (178). In the next phases, in order to validate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the university's progress in implementing green management and forming research matrices, 32 university experts were selected. The sampling method in this section was sampling of special or special cases. The quantitative phase data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire In the qualitative section, in order to obtain the available information about identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, the necessary information was received from the interviewees in three stages through interviews and by asking open-ended questions. According to the results, in a small phase, among the 6 dimensions of green management in the university, the education dimension was given higher priority and the tra  ortation dimension was given lower priority than other dimensions. Also, in order to prioritize the factors affecting green management, the attitude and awareness of some faculty members and staff of Razi University were given a higher priority and the factor of cooperation and empowerment of university actors were given a lower priority than other factors. In terms of quality, the results showed that Razi University is faced with more promotional factors than deterrents and in terms of internal factors, has a good position to implement activities related to green management in its structure. Razi University is also in a good position in terms of external factors to implement activities related to green management in its structure, and to implement green management in its structure should use external opportunities to eliminate internal weaknesses. In general, the main purpose of this study was to develop and select superior strategies for integrating green management in the structure of Razi University, and the results of the present study can help to develop green management processes in universities.   Key words: Green management, sustainable development, environmental problems, strategy formulation, green universit

   abstract Weirs are the oldest man-made hydraulic structures that are widely used in practice, hence their study is of particular importance. The most common division of the   weirs are two broad crest and sharp crest. The sharp crest are formed with rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, circular, parabolic, and so on. . In this study, we first introduced a special type of sharp crest weir called morning glory sharp crest weirs.    Given the occurrence of the critical flow depth in the crest of the weir, the analytic stage- discharg relatio     Q = ((2a?g) / (n + 1) ^ (3/2) [((n + 1) / (n + 2))] ^ n + 3/2)) H ^ (n + 3/2) were derived for the desired weirs. For this type of weir, 2 = n and a depends on the weir geometry. The results of this study indicated that measured stag-discharge relation   is not consistent with the analytic stag-discharge relation   . So that the measured discharge for a fixed stag greater than the analytical calculate discharge. Then, in order to fit the analytical sateg –discharge relatio   to the measured one a correction coefficient was applied to the analytic relation. This correction coefficient is a function of the ratio of the water   head   to the height of the weir   and the a / n ratio. This coefficient was optimized using gene expression programing (GEP)method.    In order to determine the three-dimensional flow pattern on the wier,numerical simulation was performed by FLOW-3D software. The numerical simulation results showed that the FLOW-3D software, in addition to providing a three-dimensional flow pattern and calculating parameters such as velocity components , pressure, discharge, etc., has the   ability to simulate the mesured stage- discharge relation   for this type of proposed weir. Key word: Stag-discharge relation   , Analytical solution, Moring glory shar   crest weir, FLOW -3D, Discharge coefficient.

    In this Study, using the Ansys Fluent numerical software, the Azad dam’   Spillway has been simulated. Ansys Fluent is one of the most powerful software in Flow modeling that uses computational fluid dynamics to decompose and solve the governing equations of the phenomenon studied. In this study, the outputs of the software, such as the elevation of the boundary between water and air (water surface), the Static Pressure, the average velocity, and subsequently the values of the index of cavitation in the non-aeration mode during the spillway, were extracted in the experimental model and the numerical model of the Azad dam’s spillway And presented. Validation of results was performed using experimental results of Azad dam’s spillway model with 1:33.33 scale, and then a numerical model for the optimal mesh for the other flows was also performed. The Amounts of water surface, Static pressure, and average velocity were calculated using Tecplot software, and the cavitation index was calculated during the spillway, and it was observed that during a definite end of the Spillway (160 m in reality and 6.3 meters in the model), the cavitation phenomenon It will also happen on the Spillway. As a result, to eliminate cavitation on the Azad dam’s spillway, an aeration system has been used, with dimensions selected according to criteria. In the next step, the location of the aeration system and the number needed to eliminate cavitation on the spillway have been investigated. In this research, three scenarios (four, three, and two aeration systems at different intervals) have been used. Using the numerical model for each scenario, the values of Static pressure and velocity were extracted using TecPlot software, and The cavitation index was also calculated. With regard to the Static pressure in all three modes (four, three and two aeration systems), It was understood that the pressure for the aeration Flow, only in aeration position, has a slight disparity with the non-aerated state. Also, with regard to the mean velocity values, it was observed that the velocity values from the aeration system to a considerable distance at the downstream, were significantly reduced. also, It can be seen that, unlike the static pressure values, the aeration system has been able to reduce the flow velocity in the vicinity of duct coatings in critical areas and ultimately improve the flow state in terms of cavitation phenomena. Finally, the Spillway with two aeration systems was chosen as the best option, because by comparing the cavitation indexes it was found that the multiplicity of aeration system had little effect on the results and the two aeration systems were sufficient for this spillway at specified intervals. Choosing this scenario will also save you time and money.Keywords: Ogee Spillway, Azad dam’s, Cavitation, aeration system, Ansys Fluent.

  Understanding the phenomenon and its response to various issues in today's engineering affairs, such as air and space, fluid mechanics, etc., is of considerable importance. Knowing and studying the flow characteristics in the channels is one of the important issues in designing various types of structures associated with them as well as planning schemes. The exact determination of the shear stresses of the bed and wall from the theoretical point of view, as well as from the point of view of applied issues such as its role in erosion studies and sedimentation and design of protective coatings, is of particular importance. Compound channels include a deep main channel and one or two flood plains around it, which are relatively smaller than the main channel. Hydraulic studies on these channels are much more complicated than conventional channels because of the interactions between the flood plains and the main canal. In this study, the performance of the Ansys Fluent three-dimensional numerical model in simulating various hydraulic parameters for a rectangular compound channel with smooth and rough beds has been investigated. The model of turbulence and mesh network was simulated with the help of the results of the experimental model and the numerical model of health assessment and various scenarios using the numerical model. Comparison of shear stress values ??shows that with decreasing depth in flood plains, the rate and percentage of shear stress in flood plains increases and decreases in the main channel. By reducing the depth of water in the main channel, the percentage of shear stress in the main canal increases and decreases in flood plains.   Also, increasing roughness can increase the shear stress. The results of the studies also indicate that increasing flow rate increases the flow power and At the intersection of the flood plains and the main canal, the speed is higher and there are vortices in this area. In the present study, the phenomenon of momentum transfer with the aid of transverse velocity vertexes was investigated. By comparing the ratio of different shapes, a stable compound channel was introduced based on the momentum transfer phenomenon. Other work done in this study is to investigate the depth profile of velocity, which is plotted for different simulation scenarios. In this regard, roughness of the profile of the depth profile changes the velocity and reduces the average velocity. The results of this research can play a role in designing sustainable channels, especially at the intersection of the main channel and flood plains.Key words: Three-dimensional numerical model, Ansys Fluent, compound channel, shear stress, momentum transfer, stable channel, flood plain, main channel

The aim of this study was to investigate the research ethics in academic research. To this end, we studied the agriculture faculty of Razi University by applying a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach. The quantitative portion of the statistical population of the research consists of master’s and PhD students of agriculture faculty and the qualitative portion consists of PhD students of the promotion department and professors of agriculture faculty. The research sample consists of 163 master’s and PhD students sampled by stratified random sampling for the quantitative part, and 15 professors and 10 PhD students of the promotion department sampled by targeted sampling for the qualitative part.Data collection for the quantitative part was done using questionnaires and by personal and distance interviews for the qualitative part. The validity of the research tool for the quantitative part was confirmed by the faculty board of the promotion and training department at Razi University and its reliability was confirmed using the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient.The triangulation method (using different views of professors of different agriculture fields to interpret data related to the research topic, self-review by the researcher during the process of data analysis and presenting all documents and notes after being analysed by the researcher of the research team) was used to test the validity and reliability of the qualitative part.   version 19 and smartPLS version 3 softwares were used as data analysis tools for the quantitative part and content analysis was used for the qualitative part.The results showed that among 10 behavioral components, data forgery, distortion of data, scientific theft and plagiarism were selected as the most common behavioral components of research misconduct in agriculture faculty.The results also showed that from the viewpoint of students, the agricultural students' behavior toward research misconduct were at a low level, intention and attitude were at low to moderate levels and subjective norms of perceived behavioral control were at moderate to high levels and the attitude had no effect on students’ intention for research misconduct.The results of the correlation analysis showed that based on the students’ age there is a statistically significant difference between the mean score of the subjective norms variable of students of agriculture faculty.Also, there was a statiscally significant difference between the mean scores of the variable of students’ attitudes toward research misconduct on the basis of the study field of students in agriculture faculty that was less than 0/47.Keywords: Research Misconduct, Academic Research

AbstractAbstract Flood routing is of greatimportance because of the possibility of predicting flood, especially in floodareas, and much research has been done so farSaint-Venant is a set ofone-dimensional equations of conjunction and motion size Which isused in numerical simulation of flood. These equations lack analyticalsolution, and to solve it different numerical models such as software mike11,hecras It is used. Considering theimportance of flood rotation in different sections of the river and itsapplication in designing of flood alert systems, as well as flood volume forecastin the downstream sections of the river, The aim of this study was to check theMIKE11 and backup vector machine (SVM) in flood rotation in the downstreamsections of the river. In the present study, a hydraulicroughness of the flood hydrograph between the two hydrometric stations ofHeilian and Tang-e-Sezabon was located in the range of the Seymareh River, Ilamprovince. For this purpose, 365 sections were considered. Each of these twomodels was calibrated by a hydrograph of flood calibration and the accuracy ofthe work was verified by two flood hydrographs. . Then flood hydrograph with different return periods wasgiven to these two applications, and the flood rotation was performed atdifferent sections and with different return periods. The results showed thatboth models were able to predict the output hydrographs. Therefore, because the SVM model needs less information, it can be usedto streamline the flood of this model instead of models like Mike11, whichrequires a lot of information   Keywords: hydraulic routing, flood hydrograph, MIKE11numerical model, backup vector machine(svm)  

  

  Abstract:  Coastal protection against erosion is one of the main objectives of river training in the sustainable development of water resources. Because the erosion of river banks, damages to agricultural lands, damage to adjacent structures, such as bridges and roads, the flow of waterways and environmental issues are significant. This causes a large amount of money to be spent annually on protecting the shores of the river from erosion. Coastal conservation methods are divided into two general categories of direct and indirect protection from the viewpoint of the performance of structures. In the indirect method, the stabilization of the rivers is carried out by the construction of transverse structures or spillways along the erodible coastline.Groynes structures are designed with the aim of sedimentation and preventing the erosion of the edges and edges of the river and the stabilization of the river's position. The groynes are well-structured and adaptable to the diverse river conditions that are widely used in planning training, and in particular the stabilization and restoration measures of the sides. Therefore, it is important to study the process of erosion and sedimentation within the range of groynes from different aspects of design, conservation and maintenance. Much research on scour and flow pattern around the groynes is done by different researchers, but to scouring around hokey-shaped groyne is not well studied experimentally.`Given that the use of three-dimensional models in flow pattern analysis in rivers is accurate, but economically and time-consuming. On the other hand, single-dimensional models are generally associated with significant errors because they do not take into account the three-dimensional nature of the flow. Because of the time and cost savings, two-dimensional models are always used as a substitute method but less accurately used by researchers. Therefore, in the present research, in order to check the ability of the SRH-2D model to simulate the erosion pattern around the hokey groynes, first, using the experimental data, the erosion and sedimentation values ??around the groyne will be measured for at least two different hydraulic conditions.The collected data is used to validate and calibrate the numerical model. After the model calibration and ensure to the model accuracy, with the implementation of numerous models, flow patterns and sediment patterns around the hokey groyne are analyzed with different geometric conditions and in different locations along the 90° bend. Finally, the effect of various forms of hokey in different locations is compared to the flow and sediment pattern. The SRH-2D model is a two-dimensional model and is particularly suited for issues where two-dimensional effects are important. Its model include use in-stream structures, flow in the bends, flow in the drains with lateral channels and backflow in the agricultural channels.This model is preferred in cases where the study area is wider than the three-dimensional model in a shorter time frame. The required mesh is provided using the SMS model and the mesh generated in the SRH-2D environment is called.Key Words: River Organization, Hokey Groynes, SRH-2D model, flow and sediment model, 90° Bend

  In the present study, a computer code is developed that will examine several issues in a complementary and interrelated way. Initially, hydraulic flow simulation for normal river sections is performed in tree-shaped systems of open channels under the program. In a tree system, the total flow of input to the system is known, and it is necessary to determine with the special algorithm that is considered in this study the discharge of each of the channels branched out from the main channel. Also, due to the fact that normal transverse sections have several different roughness coefficients on the flood and main channels, and in order to calculate hydraulic factors such as depth and flow velocity, it is necessary to determine the hydraulic equivalent roughness coefficient. In this subprogram, the values ??of the equivalent roughness coefficient The natural compound sections are calculated using different methods. In the present model, we examine 26 existing equations for calculating the equivalent roughness coefficient in normal periods and are evaluated in comparison with the previous measurement results and known commercial models of existing relationships. After hydraulic simulation, the flow of results, including the depth and flow velocity in different sections in each branch, is sent under the program of pollution. The surface water that flows in the form of rivers is the place where the waste water from the agricultural, industrial and urban wastewaters is discharged. These issues affect the quality of water resources for human consumption. Even sometimes, the amount and type of contamination are in a way that leads to irreparable damage to the environment and animal life. Therefore, adequate utilization of rivers requires adequate information on the amount and type of pollutants present in it. During this research, the pollution program is carried out using the numerical solution of the transmission and distribution equation.

  an adequate estimation of Manning roughness has a significant effect on hydraulic routing. So far several relationships have been proposed for calculating manning roughness coefficients in composite sections, each of which can have a different effect on the computational flood area. One can conclude that research has been carried out so far which can be very tiny differences in the determination of manning roughness values Estimated area of flood lands changed tens of thousands of square meters and thus have a significant impact on the estimated losses. this also affects river planning and management. there fore, such plans and actions directly related to the management and management of rivers require careful consideration in the choice of manning roughness determination method. the purpose of this study is to determine the irrigation channel roughness coefficient. for this purpose, for a more detailed study 420 meters from the channel of 3 km three mills Songor was selected and 15 cross sections were harvested. the velocity of the water flow was measured accurately using the molten device at the inlet and outlet sections and the level of water level in all sections before and after the dredging. In this research, a computer model was developed consisting of two sub-optimization programs using genetic and hydraulic algorithms based on standard step-by-step method for calculating flow profiles. the input of the computer model includes the geometric characteristics of the studied range, the amount of input flow and the profile of the water level measurement over the interval. after determining the number of chromosomes and the manning roughness limit, ultimately, the roughness coefficients for each section are optimized by comparing the computational water surface profile and the measurement. in order to validate the model, the genetic algorithm model is evaluated using solving linear and nonlinear optimization problems that have analytical solutions and it is shown that the results obtained from the model with the analytic solution results are completely equal. In order to verify the hydrodynamic model, its results were compared in some specific cases with the results of the HEC-RAS model. the results of the validation of the hydrodynamic model showed that there is a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between the water surface digits calculated by the present model and the HEC-RAS software. also, in this research, the manning optimum roughness coefficients were calculated in two steps before and after the dredging. the results showed that manning roughness optimized after dredging was 50% less than before dredging.  Keywords: Roughness coefficient, Three mill channel, numerical simulation, continuous flow, genetic algorithm

  Following an ever-increasing population water demand has increased in drinking industrial and agricultural sectors as well.The allocation of limited water resources the quality of water used environmental impacts and policies for sustainable water use are issues of growing concern. Quantitative-qualitative utilization of surface water is a desirable approach in water resource management. In the present research the system of surface water resources of the river Daz at the boundary between the dam dam to Bandakhir was studied quantitatively and qualitatively at the same time. First the utilization of surface water resources of the study area was simulated using the WEAP model and its qualitative desirability was also simulated with QUAL2K quality model and then the two models were connected to each other. Finally the output information was entered into the MOPSO optimization model and tested according to the criteria and objectives. Before starting the optimization process, two management scenarios were considered and the results were compared with each other.In all implemented scenarios, due to the time limit for implementing the linked model the optimization period was 6 years and from the blue year of 2018-19 to 2023-24.Also all the needs of the plain and the regions cultivation pattern with the exception of the need for drinking increased due to increasing population was considered constant.From the scenarios reviewed the first scenario under the reference scenario was assumed with the assumption that the quantitative and qualitative utilization of water resources systems was in accordance with the existing conditions for the 6 year period. In this scenario, the system, while meeting the requirements, is required to meet the requirements of the requirements The ecological location is at the site of the bamdge hydrometric station.In the second scenario with the difference in priority of providing the environmental need for the end of the river Dez (Mt. Ghir) calculated by the Montana method was implemented.The third scenario or optimal scenario, was aimed at optimizing the environmental requirements of bitumen.The validation results of the qualitative model are in good agreement with the reality and the calibration coefficients of the model are also acceptable. In the reference scenario agricultural lands that have been located before the site of the ecosystem are encountered in shortage in some months of the year which is due to the priority of providing the environmental need to the agricultural needs of the plain.Also the worst of the rivers qualitative status is the BOD pollinization before the harvest and in terms of emissions of EC and NO3 at the end of the river.In the second scenario taking into account the Montana method environmental demand in the bitumen section the reliability of meeting all the needs increased compared to the first scenario and other significant improvements in BOD at the site of harvesting the other parameters of quality and contamination improved.In the optimal scenario the provision of needs increased compared to the previous two scenarios and none of the quality and pollution parameters along the river did not exceed the standard limits. Keywords:Coupling Model-Quantitative, MOPSO, Simulation-Optimization, Dez River

  The velocity distribution is the most important variable for determining the flow characteristics such as discharge, shear stress distribution, sedimentation, erosion, head loss, energy factor, and the required momentum requirement for hydraulic. The velocity distribution in a channel is influenced by geometric shape, bed roughness, and the presence of structures, and must be studied and examined before solving a variety of hydraulic problems in open channels. The velocity distribution in open channels has been studied over many years, and in recent years, this problem is investigated by solving the Navier-Stokes hydrodynamic equations that are combined with turbulent models.The velocity distribution equation can be the velocity values ??in vertical directions Exaggerated by assuming that the maximum velocity is on or below the water surface. This equation does not have the constraints and defects of other common equations, and the velocity distribution corresponds to it in a physical space with a probability distribution. This distribution has an M parameter called "entropy parameter" whose value is used as an indicator for comparing different patterns of flow velocity distribution in the channels.

بررسي عددي مشخصات جريان در امتداد سرريز جانبي، دركانال همگرا شونده

  Abstract    Today, the   urvey and analysis of uncertainties in any program is considered necessary,So that without considering and analyzing these uncertainties The occurrence of unpleasant situations that their events challenge the programs goals, Not waiting. These studies are conducted within the framework of risk management .In principle, the Monte Carlo simulation method is used as a tool for analyzing and integrating the various combinations of uncertainties. Uncertainty is integral component of hydrological and hydraulic models. Proper assessment of uncertainty in hydrological models may help to avoid high risk decisions, high cost of product-life cycle, over design structures. The aim of this study was to quantify the uncertainty of flood zoning maps for the reach of Seymwreh River. In this area due to heavy rains, floods cause a lot damage. First, the HEC-RAS flood zoning was calibrated based on F factor. Subsequently, using artificial data generation, 30 artificial data series were generated for the period of returns of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. In Finally, the probability boundaries of the flood plain of the river were determined at the probability level of 90% and 10%, using the probability curve. The results showed that the increase in uncertainty bandwidth will increase as the maximum uncertainty bandwidth of 450 hectares is related to the flood with a return period of 100 years performed according to Monte Carlo simulation method with random sampling of the parameters space (floodplain and channel roughness coefficients). The model was run 500 times, and the results were evaluated comparing with observed area based on the F factor. Response surface curves obtained from sampling Monte Carlo showed that the highest performance of F when the coefficient of roughness for the channel and floodplain is 0/046 and 0/058. Then using the cumulative distribution function of flood zones, an uncertainty was reached at the upper and lower limits.      Keywords: Uncertainty,   Probability flood plain, Mont Carlo, Seymareh river

ABSTRACTEnergy has an undeniable role in quotidian life of human. The growing and wasteful use of fossil fuels in the industry and tra  ortation has causes a lot of environmental pollution, and on the other hand these fuels are coming to an end. For this purpose, the production of biofuels and alternative fuels with less pollutants in the present age has of great importance. Biodiesel is one of the most highly regarded fuels and can be obtained for different renewable raw materials such as vegetable oils and animal fats. In the this study, with the aim of optimizing the production of this fuel the continuous biodiesel production system was made with the combination of microwave and magnetic fields technology. The system used in the present study included a micro wave reactor and magnetic field intensity, the force of gravity was also used to move the material from the reservoir into the reactor. The waste oil was used to produce biodiesel using the base Trans Esterification technique. The material was exposed with the magnetic field uniformly before and after entering the reactor. In this study, the effect of four treatments magnetic field intensity (0, 225 and 450 milli tesla), micro wave power (400, 328, and 1181 watts), the combination of two KOH and NaOH catalysts Constant concentration of 1% (0, 50 and 100% KOH), and the combination of two ethanol and methanol alcohols in constant molar ratio 6 : 1 (0, 50 and 100% ethanol) by using the Box-Behnken test and response surface methodology, biodiesel was studied and a significant conversion percentage of 96.197 %   was obtained. All independent parameters had a significant effect on the reaction efficiency. However, the type of alcohol and magnetic field had the greatest effect on the efficiency of the reaction. By using of   adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), the predicted yield reaction and   with response surface methodology (RSM)   were compared. The results of the R- squared factor for both methods were 0.994 and 0.957, respectively. This result indicated the high ability of each method, especially the ANFIS method for estimating reaction yield. Optimized parameters achivef from Design Expert software for full conversion (96.197%) are magnetic field of 331 (mT), microwave power 6176.3 (W), KOH 32.33% + 67.66% NaOH catalyst and 80.45% Methanol + 55.59% Ethanol alcohol.Key word : Biodiesel, Microwave, Magnetic field, waste oil, Transesterification, RSM method, ANFIS method.

AbstractThis study was coducted to evaluate the effect of adding leaf powder of eucalyptus globulus and althaea officinalis to diet on performance, carcass traits and some blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks. Based on a completely randomized design, a total of 200 one-day-old broiler chickens (Ross-308) was randomly alloted to 20 replicate cages (n=10). Chicks in every 5 replicate cages were fed one of the four experimental diests including: 1- control diet (without additives), 2- control diet + 0.5% eucalyptus leaf powder, 3- control diet+ 0.5% althea officinalis leaf powder and 4- control diet+ 0.5% eucalyptus leaf powder and 0.5% althaea officinalis leaf powder. On 41th day of age, one bird per each cage was randomly selected and bled to measure cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, albumin, uric acid and glucose in sera samples. The data were analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS. There was no significant effect of dietary treatments on body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (P>0/05), although numerically using eucalyptus powder and althaea officinalis caused reduce feed intake and improved feed conversion ratio (P>0/05). Reduced abdominal fat was observed in chicks fed the diet contained eucalyptus powder and the diet with both eucalyptus and althea officinalis (P>0.05). The lowest LDL levels were detected in chicks fed the eucalyptus-included diet and the highest LDL was observed in the control chicks. Simultaneous usage of eucalyptus and althaea officinalis in diet significantly reduced cholesterol and increased HDL (P<0.05). The lowest level of blood holesterol and the highest level of HDL were detected in chicks fed the diet included both eucalyptus and althea officinalis (0.5% eucalyptus and 0.5% althaea officinalis). There were no significant effect of experimental diet on serum levels of albumin, triglyceride, uric acid and glucose concentrations in chicks. (P> 0.05). In conclusion based on the results of the presdent experiment, the dietary usage of eucalyptus and althaea officinalis leaf powder had favorable effect on blood lipids with no detrimental effect on the performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks.

باتوجه به كمبود آب در كشور افزايش عملكر هيدروليكي وبالابردن راندمان توزيع آب در شبكه هاي آبياري ضرروي مي باشد . يكي از راه كارهاي بالابردن راندمان بهره وري آب در كشاورزي افزايش دقت در اندازه گيري دبي و كنترل سطح آب مي باشد . به منظور كنترل سطح آب از دريچه هاي كشويي و قطاعي استفاده مي شود . تخمين ضريب دبي و به تبع آن دبي عبوري از اين دريچه ها ضرروريست . از اين رو دز اين پژوهش به بررسي تاثير آستانه بر ضريب دبي دريچه هاي كشويي و قطاعي در شرايط جريان آزاد با استفاده از نرم افزار فلوتردي پرداخته شده است . 

Study of the behavior of rivers given that makes the essential point   that The river is a dynamic process and   according to morphological characteristics behavior of that is Changing. As a result of these changes, hydraulic conditions of the river will be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to effect the combination of flow and sediment especially in unstable rivers Considered.