Mohammad Abolfathi

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between academic persistence and academic achievement among high school students in Kermanshah. This research employed a descriptive-correlational design, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships among the variables. The statistical population consisted of all high school students in Kermanshah during the 2023–2024 academic year. Using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, 320 participants were selected; following the exclusion of 20 questionnaires based on the study’s removal criteria, data from 300 students were included in the final analyses. The data collection instruments included the Academic Buoyancy Scale developed by Martin and Marsh (2008) and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire by Billings and Moos (1984), while academic achievement was measured using students’ end-of-year grade point averages. Data analysis was conducted using   -26 and AMOS-24 software. The SEM results revealed a positive and significant relationship between academic persistence and academic achievement (? = 0.324, p = 0.001), as well as between academic persistence and problem-focused coping strategies (? = 0.298, p = 0.001). In contrast, academic persistence showed a negative and significant relationship with emotion-focused coping strategies (? = -0.307, p = 0.001). Moreover, problem-focused coping strategies had a direct positive and significant relationship with academic achievement (? = 0.667, p = 0.001), whereas the relationship between emotion-focused coping strategies and academic achievement was non-significant (? = 0.11, p = 0.078). Analysis of indirect effects indicated that academic persistence was positively and significantly related to academic achievement through coping styles, particularly the problem-focused approach (? = 0.55, p = 0.001). Overall, the findings underscore the pivotal role of academic persistence and the utilization of problem-focused coping strategies in enhancing academic achievement, whereas reliance on emotion-focused strategies may have adverse effects on students’ ability to sustain effort and motivation. The results highlight the necessity of incorporating training and reinforcement of constructive coping skills into school-based programs to promote persistence and academic success among students.   

   Abstract Introduction: Given the widespread use of mobile phones among all members of society and the effects it has had on individuals, many studies have been conducted in this field, and individuals usually devote a lot of time to using their mobile phones. In fact, this excessive use is the same as people's excessive use of mobile phones, which causes people's addiction and dependence on mobile phones, and parents of the family are no exception to this rule. Therefore, it is important to examine children's experiences of parents' excessive use of mobile phones. Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of examining children's lived experience of parents' excessive use of mobile phones. Method: The present study was conducted using a qualitative and phenomenological method in 1403-1404 in Lorestan province, Noorabad county. The statistical population studied was female and male students in the fifth and sixth grades of elementary school who had parents who were excessively busy with mobile phones and were actually addicted to them. The Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire was given to parents whose children believed that they were excessively busy with mobile phones, and then, using the scores obtained from these parents, a semi-structured interview was conducted with children who had parents who were addicted to mobile phones. Qualitative data were extracted using interviews with 20 participants and analyzed using the Colaizzi method. Findings: Analysis of participants' experiences regarding children's lived experience of parents' excessive use of mobile phones led to the identification of 36 open codes, 6 core codes, and finally three selected codes: expected consequences, negative consequences, and positive consequences. Results: The results of the present study showed that if parents who were excessively busy with their mobile phones could manage this use and dedicate more time to their family members and children, they could have a better life with their family and children with a higher level of life satisfaction. And they themselves would enjoy life by being with their family. Keywords: Lived experience, excessive use of mobile phones

Aging is one of the most significant stages of human life, during which older adults face a wide range of changes, particularly in the realm of physical and psychological health. Given the anticipated increase in older population in Iran in the near future, understanding the status of this age group in various domains, including physical health and mental health, has become increasingly important, necessitating attention to this demographic. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and successful aging and death anxiety, with resilience as a mediator. This correlational study employed structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population included older individuals aged 60 and above residing in Kermanshah province in the year 2023-2024, from which 332 individuals (176 men and 156 women) were selected through convenience sampling. The sample members completed the Successful Aging Questionnaire by Zanjari, the Death Anxiety Scale by Templer, the Attachment Styles Questionnaire by Collins and Read, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The data obtained from the study were statistically analyzed using   -24 and AMOS-24 software. The results indicated that the proposed model of this study had a good fit with the sample under study. The findings showed that attachment styles are related to successful aging (P<0.05), and resilience plays a significant mediating role in this relationship (P<0.01). Additionally, the results showed that attachment styles are related to death anxiety (P<0.05), and resilience can mediate this relationship (P<0.01). Given the increasing importance of promoting successful aging in older adults communities, the findings emphasize the importance of the relationship between successful aging and death anxiety with resilience and attachment styles. Furthermore, the concept of successful aging, by addressing the concepts of physical health, mental health, social participation, adaptation to life changes, and overall quality of life, emphasizes promoting a comprehensive approach to well-being in older adults.

  In addition to imposing material costs, the birth of a disabled child brings many psychological and even physical problems for families, especially their mothers.

   After the Islamic revolution, the middle >     

   پديده كار كودكان هرروز ابعاد پيچيده‏‌تري پيدا مي‌كند و حضور هر روزه آنان در عرصه‌هاي فعاليت توليدي و كشاورزي، ضرورت سياست‏گذاري درست در اين زمينه را به امري اجتناب ناپذير بدل كرده است. بيش از ?? سال از تصويب پيمان‌نامه حقوق كودك مي‌گذرد و ساليان زيادي از كنفرانس‏هاي عمومي سازمان بين‏‌المللي كار گذشته است كه كار كودك را ممنوع اعلام كرده‌اند و خواهان پايان دادن به بهره‌كشي از كودكان و اقدامات ملي كشورها در اين زمينه شده‌اند. سازمان ملل و سازمان بين‌المللي كار با طرح برنامه‌هايي خواهان لغو كار كودك و ريشه كني فقر در جهان تا سال ???? شده‌‏اند. زماني كه برنامه اعلام شد دست‌‏اندركاران اين برنامه   فكر مي‏‌كردند سال‌هاي زيادي در پيش است و مي‌توان با اجراي برنامه‌هاي دراز مدت و كوتاه مدت به اين مهم دست يافت. در سال‌هاي گذشته با اتكاء به كمك‌هاي مالي بين‏‌المللي و كوشش فعالان مدني در جهت اجراي برنامه‌هاي مبارزه با فقر و برنامه‌هاي آموزشي جمعيت كار كودكان تا سال ???? كاهش چشمگيري يافت اما از سال ???? اين رشد با كندي قابل توجهي روبرو شده است. مسئله اشتغال كودكان در جهان و ايران، واقعيتي دردناك است كه كمتر به آن توجه شده است و تا زماني كه فقر، ناآگاهي،   نابرابري و خشونت   وجود داشته باشد مشكل كار كودك به قوت خود باقي است. كار كودكان، تجاوز آشكار   به حقوق آنان است كه اغلب مورد غفلت قرار گرفته است. از آنجا كه از ديرباز كودكان در اقتصاد مبتني بر كشاورزي در مزارع و كنار ساير افراد خانواده كار مي‏‌كردند گويا زمينه اين غفلت و بي توجهي نسبت به اين مسئله توجيه شده است. البته اين غفلت شرم‌آور از طرف حكومت‌ها، بازار تجارت جهاني و بخش‌هاي مختلف قدرت صورت مي‏‌گيرد كه با وجود همه قوانين و مقاوله نامه‌ها از كار كودكان   سود مي‌‏برند و بخشي از اقتصاد زير زميني را با اتكا به كار آنان سازمان مي‌دهند. كار كودكان   ارزان است. كودكان از نظر جسمي و ذهني مطيع هستند. كار كودكان اتحاديه ندارند و نمي‌توانند به دادگاهي   شكايت برند. نبود يك اراده سياسي در جهان براي پايان دادن به كار كودكان   يكي از مهم‌ترين دلايل   ادامه حضور كودكان در بازار كار است.

The political behavior of Iranians, at least in the contemporary history of Iran, has been analyzed by domestic thinkers and sociologists, politicians and journalists, both domestic and foreign. In this way, we have always tried to answer a few questions. That; To what extent has tyranny been involved in shaping the political behavior of Iranians today? Is the extremism that is seen in some aspects of Iranians' behavior also manifested in their political behaviors? And what place have the elites and the elite society played in shaping the political behavior of our country? And what are the causes of secrecy, hypocrisy and distrust of others in Iranian political culture? From the perspective of political culture, the most destructive result of tyranny is that it lowers self-confidence (self-confidence), trust in others and trust in the government to its lowest level and prevents constructive, group and collective interaction. Tyranny inclines people inward and tries to take shortcuts by justifying harsh external conditions and, in fact, to deceive. Since human nature tends towards truth and truthfulness and seeks the truth, so hypocrisy, distrust and secrecy are considered disgusting and condemned. These characteristics are one of the behavioral pests that have undesirable social consequences and consequences; For example, some experts consider one of the biggest consequences of this issue to be the loss of social trust between individuals, organizations and people, or between people and government. In this study, we tried to address this behavior of Iranians and the causes of secrecy, hypocrisy and distrust of others in Iranian political culture (from Qajar to the present). Keywords: Behavior, Political, Iranians, Sociologists, Politicians

Background and Aim: Psychological distress is one of the factors involved in maladaptive behavior and thoughts. In the meantime, it seems necessary to know the variables and factors that are related to and affect this category. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in psychological distress of addicts and the ability to predict each of these variables in psychological distress. Methods: A sample of 505 drug users who referred to drug withdrawal clinics under the supervision of Kermanshah Medical Sciences in three regions (2, 3 and 7) were randomly selected from multi-stage clusters and participated in the study. The data were obtained through short form scales of Young's early maladaptive schemas, Adult Scale Attachment Styles (ADQ), Graz and Roemer Emotion Dysregulation (DERS), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). Results: The results of Pearson correlation analysis of the present study showed that there is a positive and significant correlation coefficients between all research variables with psychological distress at the level of 0.01. Also, the study of structural equation modeling in direct and indirect paths showed that out of five domains of primary maladaptive schemas, schemas of disconnection and rejection and impaired limits in both paths were related to psychological distress and these variables can predict psychological distress in addicts. impaired autonomy and performance schemas and over vigilance schemas were associated with psychology other directedness schemas only through the indirect path, ie through emotion regulation problems, and other-directedness schemas were not related to psychological distress in any of the paths. Also, attachment styles were only directly related to psychological distress, and the relationship between the two is indirectly meaningless. In fact, insecure attachment styles Only via a straight path can only predict psychological distress in addicts. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, psychological distress in substance abusers is associated with emotion dysregulation, early maladaptive schemas, and attachment styles. Use other mental health problems. It also helps with future research and psychotherapy interventions.   Keywords: Emotion Dysregulation; Initial schema; Attachment Styles; Psychological distre   Addiction.   

Abstract This research is written in order to demonstrate the necessity of critical examination and review and also questioning of those poems which - by the given definition of this text - must be called 'public'. In order to do so, three definitions of 'public' will be provided: 1. public, in regard to the statement which is being posed in the poem. 2. Public, in regard to the amount of audiences who dwell in the poem and 3. Public, in regard to the virality and epidemicality of the poem. And will be argued that because of all those qualities that poems have - such as imagination, synesthesia, literary and Stylistic devices, rhyme and rhythm - if the content and statement would be left unquestioned, the result could be dangerous. Research method is Qualitative Content Analysis and in the end, it was concluded that critical dialogue and questioning public poem has a defendable necessity and in case of a noncritical encounter with public poems, the result could be dangerous. Keywords: statement, the public, public poem, private poem, proposition, poem   

Abstract   Entering adolescence and passing through it and then reaching adolescence and fertility and flourishing ages are not experienced in the same way in all adolescents and sometimes occur with anomalies.   Violence and aggression is one of the issues and abnormalities that disrupt the process of growth and development, and violence and aggression in adolescents cause a person to not be able to pass the period of growth and preparation for the reproductive and productive ages.   The aim of this study was to investigate the individual and situational factors of violence and aggression in adolescents.   The research method was qualitative and the statistical population of the study included all 12-18 year old male and female high school students in Kermanshah who were referred to counseling and psychology centers in the city due to violence and aggression, was conducted in 2016-2017.   31 people were selected by purposive sampling method.   Research tools include: semi-structured interview, demographic information questionnaire in which data were collected and recorded and coded.   Data analysis was performed in two stages of open coding, axial coding.   Data analysis leads to discovery and >factor   Thus, the results showed that adolescents have significant problems in various aspects of their lives that require Address wE More attention: from mental health officials and professions Keywords: Violence, Aggression, Individual and Situational Factors of Adolescents   

The present study is the relationship between achievement motivation and IQ beliefs with academic motivation through academic emotions. The statistical population of this study was all female high school students in Ilam who were studying in the academic year 1399-1499. The sample size includes 300 people. Among the students who were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method, the assessment tools were Hermans Progress Motivation Questionnaire (1978), Pekran Academic Emotions Questionnaire (2005), Frederick Blumenfeid Academic Enthusiasm Questionnaire (2004), and Beliefs Questionnaire. Hoshy Abdolfattah and Yates (2006), the collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings showed that there are positive and significant causal relationships between incremental intelligence beliefs, achievement motivation, positive emotions and negative and significant causal relationships between innate beliefs of intelligence and negative emotions with academic motivation. Also, the mediating role of positive and negative emotions in The relationship between IQ beliefs and achievement motivation with academic motivation was confirmed.  

AbstractObjective: Political development, according to itimportance and function, is related to various fields and issues such aseconomy, national security, culture, legitimacy, globalization, etc., each ofwhich can provide problems for a government. In fact, the discussion ofpolitical development and the need to resolve crises in its path is one of thetopics that has occupied the minds of government men and scholars of social andtheorists focus on One of these theorists is Lucien Pie, who discusses the fivepolitical sciences. In discussing the field of political development, famouscrises in the political development of societies, which is the basis of thePahlavi regime and provided the necessary grounds for public dissatisfactionpresent study. The present dissertation seeks to find out how the five crisesover political development revealed the inefficiency and weakness of thewith it and, ultimately, its overthrow.Method: In this research, the research method isdescriptive-analytical and causal research. The method of data collection inthis research is library and documentary. The tools and methods used in thisresearch are library resources and books, dissertations and articles related tothe research topic and available documents.Conclusion: The existence of social and cultural gaps inthe second Pahlavi period had paved the way for political development, and atthe same time with the emergence of political development crises, theseand management by the Pahlavi regime not only did not solve the problems relatedproblems led to the accumulation of development crises. The lack of planningof political underdevelopment in Iran that resulted in excessive separation ofto the crises of political development, but also created a situation in termsunder the leadership of Imam Khomeini.society from the government. Finally, the Islamic Revolution was formed in 1978  :Keywords.Political Development, Crisis, Pahlavi Regime

 هدف پژوهش حاضر واكاوي پديدارشناسانه تجربه زيسته شاغلان موفق از مسير شغلي است پژوهش از نوع كاربردي و به لحاظ نحوه گردآوري اطلاعات از دوروش كمي و كيفي استفاده شده است در بخش كمي از پرسشنامه موفقيت شغلي هيرشي  و همكاران (2017) براس شناسايي افراد موفق شغلي و در بخش كيفي از مصاحبه عميق براي بررسي تجربيات افراد موفق از مسير شغليشان استفاده شده است جامعه آماري پژوهش كليه زنان و مردان موفق كه در سال 1397 در شهر بروجرد ساكن هستند شيوه نمونه گيري پژوهش نمونه گيري هدفمند مي باشد به اينصورت كه محقق در مرحله اول نمونه پگيري كه با هدف شناسايي افراد موفق انجام شد تعداد200 نفر از ساكنان شهر بروجرد انتخاب شدند و پرسشنامه موفقيت شغلي توسط آنها تكميل شد و در مرحله دوم كساني كه نمره بالاتر از يك انحراف استاندارد در پرسشنامه كسب كردند به عنوان افراد موفق شناسايي شدند نتايج پژوهش نشان داد شاغلان موفق داراي تجربيات مشابهي هستند كه بر پيشرفت مسير شغليشان تاثير گذار بوده است  

  This study aims at determining the strategic positions of the United States of America to the Syrian crisis based on the analytical approach of "strategic ambiguity" is. Strategic ambiguity is a foreign policy for security environments where the confrontation between the great powers does not seem very likely. On this basis, the strategic ambiguity is a paradoxical sense, as a state with superior penetration and to maintain stability in a critical situation is chasing This duality and contradiction of this on is that the crisis under normal circumstances, includes measures such as reducing and minimizing ambiguity by clarifying and identifying the means and ways to achieve a better result in order to change the status quo and Management crisis In this study, the United States of Americas strategic position on the Syrian crisis be analyzed. Garlic and the Syrian crisis suggests that in parallel with the deepening and spread of the crisis, Americas policy of strategic ambiguity device approach to foreign policy under President Barack Obama, Direct intervention and aggressive strategies during the presidency of Donald Trump, has evolved.The main questions the study seeks to explain how it is that the United States of America has adopted what position toward Syrian crisis? The hypothesis that will be evaluated as follows: It turns out "approach to foreign policy of the United States of America to the Syrian crisis has been accompanied by a strategic ambiguity". The method in this research is descriptive analysis and data collection is the library.